Research

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PDF | Condensation of secondary organic compounds onto ultrafine aerosols is important for growing these particles to sizes where they can act as cloud... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

PDF | Radiotherapy (RT), together with a direct cytolytic effect on tumor tissue, also elicits systemic immunological events, which sometimes result in... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

Keith R. Powell, Robert Shorr, James D. Cherry, J. Owen Hendley, Improved Method for Collection of Nasal Mucus, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 136, No. 1 (Jul., 1977), pp. 109-111

When establishing animal models of viral respiratory infection, the optimal dose and route of delivery are critical to ensure reproducible outcomes. The mouse model for influenza infection is widely used due to the small animal size and simplicity of viral inoculation. During establishment of a mous …

ABSTRACT The impact of virus dose on the outcome of infection is poorly understood. In this study we show that, for hepatitis B virus (HBV), the size of the inoculum contributes to the kinetics of viral spread and immunological priming, which then ...

Reverse genetics technology was used to develop a new rhinovirus inoculum, which induced respiratory illness in experimentally inoculated volunteers. This

Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been highly variable across settings, particularly in the USA. In this Personal View, we review data supporting the importance of the viral inoculum (the dose of viral particles from an infected source over time) in increasing the probability of infection in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and sexually transmitted viral infections in humans. We also review the available evidence linking the relationship of the viral inoculum to disease severity.

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causes a variety of responses in those who contract the virus, ranging from asymptomatic infections to acute respiratory failure and death. While there are likely multiple mechanisms ...

Nature - Intracerebral Inoculation of Mice: Fate of the Inoculum

Effect of Norovirus Inoculum Dose

Watch this JoVE video on Preparation of Virus-Enriched Inoculum for Oral Infection of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Modeling inoculum dose dependent patterns of acute virus infections." by Yan Li et al.

Watch this JoVE video on Viral Inoculum Preparation for Potato Plant Inoculation to Study Cell Death

High Plains Virus (HPV) is found in small grains and corn and is commonly transmitted by the wheat curl mite. In 2016, a local farmer had a high incidence of HPV in all of his sweet corn in three different locations. However no mites were found. Drone imagery was taken of the field and showed a pattern of infected corn plants that indicated that the virus was seed borne. Yield loss was an estimated 50% for the field. Seed transmission of HPV in corn has been considered unimportant in the past due to low percentage of infection (Forster et al. 2001). The objective of this project was to determine the level of seed contamination with HPV and rate of seed transmission to corn plants.

Increasing the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that are asymptomatic with the simple public health measure of universal masking might help make the infection less deadly and increase population...

ABSTRACT We demonstrated earlier that post-exposure prophylaxis with 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine) or with AZT + interferon-α (IFN-α) prevented viremia and disease in BALB/c mice inoculated with Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV). After the 20-day treatment course, most animals were resistant to rechallenge with live virus. Adoptive transfer of T cells from such resistant but not from normal mice into naive recipients provided full protection against virus challenge. From these experiments, we concluded that post-exposure chemoprophylaxis restricted virus replication and allowed the animals to form protective, long-lasting cellular immune responses. Here, the role for cellular immunity during antiviral chemoprophylaxis was tested by comparing treatment success in normal BALB/c mice and in their nude, athymic counterparts. Both were inoculated with equal doses of RLV (104 plaque-forming units, pfu). Single-agent AZT or combination therapy with AZT + IFN-α, started before or after RLV inoculation, prevented viremia in all normal but not in most nude mice. A significant number of nude mice were completely protected by chemoprevention only when given a 10 times lower virus dose. When normal mice were injected with a 10 times higher virus dose (105 pfu), complete protection by chemoprevention was lost. These results demonstrate that the success of chemoprevention depends critically on the virus inoculum. The differential success of chemoprevention in normal and T-cell-deficient mice implies that effective cellular immunity plays an important role in protecting virus-exposed animals against viremia and disease.