Research

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The design of soft and nanometer-scale photoelectrodes able to stimulate and promote the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is searched for redox medicine applications. In this work, we show semiconducting polymer porous thin films with an enhanced photoelectrochemical generation of ROS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To achieve that aim, we synthesized graft copolymers, made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and degradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) segments, P3HT-g-PLA. In a second step, the hydrolysis of sacrificial PLA leads to nanometer-scale porous P3HT thin films. The pore sizes in the nm regime (220–1200 nm) were controlled by the copolymer composition and the structural arrangement of the copolymers during the film formation, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The porous P3HT thin films showed enhanced photofaradaic behavior, generating a higher concentration of ROS in comparison to non-porous P3HT films, as determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements. The exogenous ROS production was able to modulate the intracellular ROS concentration in HUVECs at non-toxic levels, thus affecting the physiological functions of cells. Results presented in this work provide an important step forward in the development of new tools for precise, on-demand, and non-invasive modulation of intracellular ROS species and may be potentially extended to many other physiological or pathological cell models.

You might not think it is necessary to replace a missing tooth, but that all depends on how you value your oral health.

Researchers are uncovering how microplastic particles are carried in wind, rain and snow to remote regions of our planet.

Cell Death & Differentiation - Death penalty for keratinocytes: apoptosis versus cornification

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Nature Communications - The build-up of iron in the body can have serious consequences; current treatment therapies suffer from adverse side effects and toxicity. Here, the authors developed renal...

Answer (1 of 7): Uninhabited houses get dusty because dust isn't only from dead skin cells. Aside from dust from a vacant homes interior materials, like ceiling material breaking down due to age or other factors, homes aren't air proof. New homes are considerably more air tight than older homes,...

In 2008, two articles in Wound Repair and Regeneration changed the clinical perspective on chronic wounds. They stated that chronic wounds that do not heal contain bacterial biofilms and that these b...

Abstract. The current universally accepted explanation of cancer origin and behavior, the somatic mutation theory, is cell-centered and rooted in perturbation of gene function independent of the external environmental context. However, tumors consist of various epithelial and stromal cell populations temporally and spatially organized into an integrated neoplastic community, and they can have properties similar to normal tissues. Accordingly, we review specific normal cellular and tissue traits and behaviors with adaptive temporal and spatial self-organization that result in ordered patterns and structures. A few recent theories have described these tissue-level cancer behaviors, invoking a conceptual shift from the cellular level and highlighting the need for methodologic approaches based on the analysis of complex systems. We propose extending the analytical approach of regulatory networks to the tissue level and introduce the concept of

Dakin’s Solution: The Recipe for Turning Dirty Wounds Into Clean Wounds, essay by James Patton, BS

Background Operating room personnel have the potential to be exposed to surgical smoke, the by-product of using electrocautery or laser surgical device, on a daily basis. Surgical smoke is made up of both biological by-products and chemical pollutants that have been shown to cause eye, skin and pulmonary irritation. Methods In this study, surgical smoke was collected in real time in cell culture media by using an electrocautery surgical device to cut and coagulate human breast tissues. Airborne particle number concentration and particle distribution were determined by direct reading instruments. Airborne concentration of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined by evacuated canisters. Head space analysis was conducted to quantify dissolved VOCs in cell culture medium. Human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) and RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (RAW) were exposed to surgical smoke in culture media for 24 h and then assayed for cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide production. Results Our results demonstrated that surgical smoke-generated from human breast tissues induced cytotoxicity and LDH increases in both the SAEC and RAW. However, surgical smoke did not induce superoxide production in the SAEC or RAW. Conclusion These data suggest that the surgical smoke is cytotoxic in vitro and support the previously published data that the surgical smoke may be an occupational hazard to healthcare workers.

Decalcification describes the techniques used for removing mineral from bone, or other calcified tissue, so that high-quality paraffin sections can be prepared.

How do you spot an unhealthy wound edge? Learn more about the causes, prevention and treatment of rolled wound edges, called epibole (aka epiboly).

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Breast reconstruction is achieved using silicone implants, which are currently associated with major complications. Several strategies have been considered to overcome the existing limitations as well as to improve their performance. Recently, surface ...

The use of liquid injectable silicone for soft tissue augmentation is controversial. Proponents of its use consider it safe when highly purified medical-grade product is employed appropriately by well-trained and experienced physicians, whereas opponents ...